Applications started with pkexec have broken accessibility support
On #21104 (closed) we discovered that the problem is broader than "Screen Keyboard in Root Terminal", all apps started with pkexec are affected, e.g. Synaptic.
Original report
The Screen Keyboard won't come up when root terminal is open so it is not possible to use it there. There are other unreported minor bugs with this Screen Keyboard but not worth mentioning here.
Workaround
Instead, open a Terminal and execute the following command to log in as root:
sudo -i
Edited by intrigeri